POVERTY

Poverty is the state of having few material possessions or little income. Poverty can have diverse social, economic and political causes and effects.

When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: 

Absoluty poverty measures compare income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing and shelter

Relative poverty measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards compared to others in the same time and place. Thus relative poverty is defined varies from one country to another, or from one society to another.

Statistically, as of 2019, most people on the planet live in poverty.According to the World Bank Group in 2020, more than 40 percent of the poor live in conflict-affected countries.

Even when countries experience economic development, the poorest citizens of middle-income countries frequently do not gain an adequate share of their countries' increased wealth to leave poverty.

Governments and non-governmental organizations have experimented with a number of different policies and programs for poverty allaviation such as electrification in rural areas or housing first policies in urban areas. 

Social forces, such as a gender, disability or race or ethnicity, can exacerbate issues of poverty—with women, children and minorities frequently bearing unequal burdens of poverty. Moreover, impoverished individuals are more vulnerable to the effects of other social issues, such as the enviromental effects in industry or the impacts of climate change or other natural disaster or extream weather events.

Poverty can also make other social problems worse, economic pressures on impoverished communities frequently play a part in defforestration, biodiversity loss and ethinic comflict.

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